Deprecated: mb_encode_mimeheader(): Implicitly marking parameter $charset as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 21

Deprecated: mb_encode_mimeheader(): Implicitly marking parameter $transfer_encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 21

Deprecated: mb_decode_numericentity(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 24

Deprecated: mb_encode_numericentity(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 27

Deprecated: mb_convert_case(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 30

Deprecated: mb_internal_encoding(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 33

Deprecated: mb_language(): Implicitly marking parameter $language as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 36

Deprecated: mb_check_encoding(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 45

Deprecated: mb_strlen(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 57

Deprecated: mb_strpos(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 60

Deprecated: mb_strtolower(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 63

Deprecated: mb_strtoupper(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 66

Deprecated: mb_substr(): Implicitly marking parameter $length as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 72

Deprecated: mb_substr(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 72

Deprecated: mb_stripos(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 75

Deprecated: mb_stristr(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 78

Deprecated: mb_strrchr(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 81

Deprecated: mb_strrichr(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 84

Deprecated: mb_strripos(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 87

Deprecated: mb_strrpos(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 90

Deprecated: mb_strstr(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 93

Deprecated: mb_http_output(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 99

Deprecated: mb_strwidth(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 102

Deprecated: mb_substr_count(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 105

Deprecated: mb_http_input(): Implicitly marking parameter $type as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 111

Deprecated: mb_ord(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 119

Deprecated: mb_chr(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 122

Deprecated: mb_scrub(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 125

Deprecated: mb_str_split(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php on line 128

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\t(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Resources/functions.php on line 17

Deprecated: GuzzleHttp\Promise\queue(): Implicitly marking parameter $assign as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/guzzlehttp/promises/src/functions.php on line 24

Deprecated: GuzzleHttp\Promise\each(): Implicitly marking parameter $onFulfilled as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/guzzlehttp/promises/src/functions.php on line 260

Deprecated: GuzzleHttp\Promise\each(): Implicitly marking parameter $onRejected as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/guzzlehttp/promises/src/functions.php on line 260

Deprecated: GuzzleHttp\Promise\each_limit(): Implicitly marking parameter $onFulfilled as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/guzzlehttp/promises/src/functions.php on line 285

Deprecated: GuzzleHttp\Promise\each_limit(): Implicitly marking parameter $onRejected as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/guzzlehttp/promises/src/functions.php on line 285

Deprecated: GuzzleHttp\Promise\each_limit_all(): Implicitly marking parameter $onFulfilled as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/guzzlehttp/promises/src/functions.php on line 307

Deprecated: Opis\Closure\unserialize(): Implicitly marking parameter $options as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/opis/closure/functions.php on line 32

Deprecated: Return type of ADODB_Iterator_empty::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/adodb/adodb-php/adodb.inc.php on line 3149

Deprecated: Return type of ADODB_Iterator_empty::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/adodb/adodb-php/adodb.inc.php on line 3153

Deprecated: Return type of ADODB_Iterator_empty::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/adodb/adodb-php/adodb.inc.php on line 3145

Deprecated: Return type of ADODB_Iterator_empty::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/adodb/adodb-php/adodb.inc.php on line 3141

Deprecated: Return type of ADODB_Iterator_empty::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/adodb/adodb-php/adodb.inc.php on line 3139

Deprecated: Return type of ADORecordSet_empty::getIterator() should either be compatible with IteratorAggregate::getIterator(): Traversable, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/adodb/adodb-php/adodb.inc.php on line 3204

Deprecated: Return type of ADODB_Iterator::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/adodb/adodb-php/adodb.inc.php on line 3276

Deprecated: Return type of ADODB_Iterator::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/adodb/adodb-php/adodb.inc.php on line 3280

Deprecated: Return type of ADODB_Iterator::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/adodb/adodb-php/adodb.inc.php on line 3272

Deprecated: Return type of ADODB_Iterator::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/adodb/adodb-php/adodb.inc.php on line 3268

Deprecated: Return type of ADODB_Iterator::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/adodb/adodb-php/adodb.inc.php on line 3264

Deprecated: Return type of ADORecordSet::getIterator() should either be compatible with IteratorAggregate::getIterator(): Traversable, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/adodb/adodb-php/adodb.inc.php on line 3356

Deprecated: optional(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/helpers.php on line 354

Deprecated: with(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home2/qiuedumy/public_html/journal/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/helpers.php on line 556
Jun Kim Han, June, and Anna Arokia Nathen. “Factors Influencing Consumers’ Decision in Selecting Private Hospital in Perak”. Journal of Social Sciences and Business 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 1–11. Accessed August 13, 2026. https://qiu.edu.my/journal/index.php/jssb/article/view/17.